Effects of ADD/ADHD - 897 Words

Affects of ADD/ADHD Robert was a typical two-year old boy always running and jumping around. In kindergarten, he couldnt remain seated during group time and moved between centers, leaving each a mess as he ran over peers. Third grade teachers began to talk to Roberts parents: he was blurting out answers and his desk was constantly crammed full of papers, toys, and books. In junior high, assignments done at home were never turned in and Robert received lunch detention for constant talking. He was late to class every day in high school because it was impossible to wake him. He couldnt find his keys most mornings. During college, he lost five cell phones and graduated with 2.65 grade point average. Robert was a typical ADHD child†¦show more content†¦They are constantly moving, squirming and fidgeting as a result, may be physically clumsy and awkward. Their clumsiness may extend to the social arena. The causes of AHHD are not known however, it appears that heredity plays a maj or role in the development of ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD are Cylert, Dexedrine, and Ritalin and although the exact cause of ADHD is not known, an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells, is believed to be the mechanism behind ADHD symptoms (ford 2). If ADHD is not treated and left undiagnosed children may have serious problems as they grow older. ADHD negatively affects a childs social and educational performance and can seriously damage his or her sense of self-esteem. They may be perceived as slow learners or troublemakers in the classroom people may think of them as outcasts. Siblings and even parents may develop resentful feelings towards the ADHD child (Ford 6). The social impact on a child with ADHD can affect them in ways people dont understand and parents, teachers and other students should be a role model to ADHD children because if they are demonstrating appropriate behavior then the child imita tes and looks up to them. Teaching Methods However the teaching methods of a child with ADHD are very important becauseShow MoreRelatedOver-Diagnosis Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.1273 Words   |  6 PagesDisorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among children and adolescents (UCLA). ADHD/ADD usually becomes apparent in children during preschool and early school years. ADHD/ADD affects 3 percent to 5 percent of approximately two million American children (Frequently). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a disability in which children consistentlyRead MoreEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. It is because of this classroom placement problem that many learni ng-impaired students are doing worse academically and socially in a non-inclusive settingRead MoreThe Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD1721 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary students with learning disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students who have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special class† with other learning impairment studentsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1210 Words   |  5 PagesADD/ADHD, better known as Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, is a growing disorder in children and adults alike in the United States. So many people have this disorder now a days that it isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t a rare thing for a child to be diagnosed with it. In this paper I will go over the cause of ADD/ ADHD, the details about what it actually is and how it affects people, when you need to have the child checked for this disorder, and the many signs and symptoms of ADD/ ADHD disorderRead MoreDrug Use And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1302 Words   |  6 PagesRitalin is a prescription drug used primarily in the treatment of behavioural problems in children such as Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (National Drug Intelligence Centre 2006). It is estimated that 11 percent of Australians between the ages of 6 to 17 are affected by ADD or ADHD and the amount of Ritalin being prescribed has doubled in the last 10 years ( Schriever 2012). The brand name for Ritalin is methylphenidate, a drug that stimulatesRead MoreMany People Have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder917 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (will be abbreviated ADD/ADHD) including the author of this paper who writes from personal experience. People with this disorder might be easily recognized because of their hyperactivity, inattentiveness, or disorganization. Many parents do not want their child on medication, because it would require testing, and it would label their child. What is not understood is that ADD/ADHD is protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act meaning it cannotRead More Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesHyperactivity Disorder â€Å"ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is like living in a fast moving kaleidoscope where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly shifting.† (NIMH-ADHD) ADHD can be very frustrating and difficult for children. Medication and treatment are available and have been proven effective. Parents can also get frustrated and they could do something wrong. ADHD is effectively treated with medication and therapy. There are three basic types of ADHD. They are inattentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder : Adhd / Adhd1550 Words   |  7 Pageslikely had ADHD/ADD. In simple terms, ADHD/ADD is described as being a developmental, behavioral condition in which an individual struggles with focusing on everyday tasks and activities. ADHD and ADD actually are not that different from one another. In fact according to Raspan Gomez from the University of Ballarat, Australia â€Å"ADD and ADHD have the Same 18 symptoms covering inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HYP), and impulsivity (IMP).† (Gomez) When it comes to Attention deficit disorder (ADD) thereRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder ( Add ) Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Disorder (ADD) LeeAnn Larsen Community College of Aurora Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is â€Å"a syndrome of disordered learning and disruptive behavior that is not caused by any serious underlying physical or mental disorder and that has several subtypes characterized primarily by symptoms of inattentiveness or primarily by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsive behavior (as speaking out of turn) or by the significant expression of allRead MoreLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurobiological disorder. Recent research shows that the symptoms of ADD are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. (Rebecca Chapman Booth) With ADD there is a flaw in the way the brain manages the neurotransmitter production, storage or flow, causing imbalances. It has been suggested that as many as 80 percent of ADD cases are the result of genetics with the remainder caused by toxins, trauma or illness

Similarities And Differences Between Martin Luther King Jr...

Even after almost fifty-years, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X endure as cherished, powerful, and instrumental leaders in the Civil Rights Movement. Although they were advocating for the same cause, they were not always on the same page about the means. They were both ministers, although of different faiths, and had different thought processes. In his autobiography, Malcolm discusses his childhood in poverty and the ramifications that this caused such as dropping out of school in the eight-grade. Upon moving to Boston from Nebraska, Malcolm was in yet another disadvantaged environment that was interwoven with violence, eventually leading to his incarceration that lasted six years. Martin, however, was a well-educated man from a†¦show more content†¦When it came to violence, Martin opposed, feeling that there was a thin line between aggression and defense. He felt that violence would lead to death and a spiral, making things worse rather than fixing them. In Martinâ€⠄¢s ‘Where Do We Go From Here† speech from August 1967, he states â€Å"Through violence, you may murder a liar, but you can’t establish truth†¦ murder a hater, but you can’t murder hate... Darkness cannot put out darkness; only light can do that.† Malcolm on the other hand, spoke of self-preservation and self-defense. He saw the whites as the ones guilty of violence throughout history, and now it was the time for African-Americans to stand up for themselves. Martin felt that black Americans should be paid for the long history of oppression and should have equal rights. Although both men had experiences that shaped their different philosophies, once involved in Civil Rights they had similar experiences. Both men had seen and felt prejudice, been to jail, got death threats, homes attacked. The difference was how to respond to these instances. Martin wanted to get the prejudice and brutality in the spotlight, using non-violent means to cause an em otional reaction to spark change. Malcolm wanted African-Americans to take things into their own hands, with violence being a tool. Both men got their messages across through speeches, which were also different. Malcolm liked to get the people riled up, he wasShow MoreRelatedDifferences and Similarities Between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.866 Words   |  4 Pagesyou   compare   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X,   you   will   know   instantly   that   this   is   true.   There   are   many   differences   between   the   two,   apart   from   the   striking   one:   that   Martin   Luther   King   was   a   very good   statesmen   who   delivered   moving   speeches   about   peace,   freedom   and   democracy   while   Malcolm   X   was   a   known   eradicator   of   those   who   were   not   of   the   superior   white   race.   The   beliefs   of   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X   may   stem   from  Read MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Malcolm X1075 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X were very huge leading figures during the Civil Rights movement. Though they had many differences, they had some similarities. Both men’s fathers were preachers and both men were religious preachers themselves. Dr. King and Malcolm X were around the same age and they were both assassinated. Coincidentally, both men had the same number of children and eventually they had the same ideologies for the Civil Rights Movement. However, Dr. King and Malcolm X wereRead MoreI Have A Dream Allusion Essay700 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. portrays the message in his speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† that the Constitution guarantees to everyone the rights of equality and freedom no matter their skin color. In the speeches â€Å"I Have a Dream† by Martin Luther King Jr. and â€Å"The Gettysburg Address† by Abraham Lincoln, the authors, both use allusions similar and different from each other to convey the message that every one is guaranteed the rights of equality and freedom. A similarity in their use of allusions is that they bothRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesassemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesa specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X1263 Words   |  6 Pages* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he wasRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesand why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. Martin believed that violence was neverRead MoreMalcolm X : An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era1556 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans throughRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Religion1219 Words   |  5 PagesEarly on in his famous letter, Martin Luther King Jr. writes: â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership conference† (King 2). In a similar fashion, Malcolm X states in the third paragraph of his speech: â€Å"Although I am still a Muslim, I’m not here to discuss my religion† (X 24). Both making their religions clear, but the way they approach religion in the two texts are starkly different from one another. Both, in a way, touch on religion in such a way to respond

The FWO 7-Eleven Inquiry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the FWO 7-Eleven Inquiry. Answer: Introduction The Australian Fair Work Ombudsman made an inquiry regarding the underpayment of wages in June 2014 as was committed by the 7-Eleven Australia. Similarly, the FWO inquired into the falsification of the records of workers regarding their employment. The Ombudsman allegations of concern can be defined as systematic non-compliance of 7-Eleven with the countrys workplace laws(Thomsen, 2016). The ombudsman found that several 7-Eleven franchisees falsified employment records deliberately to facilitate the underpayment of remunerations. However, the inquiry discovered that the firms approach never detected or addressed the issues of non-compliance adequately. The commission accused the organization of intimidation, threats, and retaliation against the underpaid employees(Thomsen, 2016). The Senate inquiry also found that workers were intimidated and beaten(Woodley, 2016). Based on the significance of the 7-Eleven inquiry, this paper conducts an assessment regarding the companys compliance w ith industrial relations laws like pay and conditions. Reason for the FWO Inquiry The Fair Work Ombudsman had received various complaints regarding 7-Elevens compliance with the industrial relations laws since 2008. It had emerged that the employees of the company had raised concerns about the significance underpayment of wages(FWO, 2016). The systematic of non-compliance with the laws was a grave issue that the FWO could not compromise. The FWO linked the low payment to false employment records. Given the continued allegations regarding the franchisees noncompliance with the workplace laws, the FWO identified about eight issues (Lannin, 2016). The FWO discovered that the franchisees had a history of noncompliance. Since 2008, the FWO received regular reports from different stakeholders, especially employees regarding the significance underpayment of wages(AG-FWO, 2016). With the inaccurate records, the company has managed to underpay the workforce against the federal workplace laws. For instance, the firm reduced the working hours recorded. Through this strategy, the employer wanted to indicate that it paid its workers higher rates than the actual payment. The FWO had gathered intelligence and information regarding the allegations of underpayment and mistreatment of workers(FWO, 2016). The inquiry was to examine the franchisees operating model thoroughly. Through the inquiry, the FWO would resolve the individual requests of employees as the company failed to address noncompliance issues, network, and supply chain (Lannin, 2016). The Fair Work Act provided the rationale for the FWO inquiry because the allegations could have been contrary to this Act. The inquiry was purposeful, as the Fair Work Ombudsman wanted to identify the basis of allegations relating to the serious noncompliance(AG-FWO, 2016). The FWO wanted to assess the responsibility of the firms head office in the issue and the role of its operating model in promoting the unlawful practice. Findings The FWO launched the investigation into the issues and allegations raised by the workers and related stakeholders. In its effort to uncover the truth, the FWO made unannounced visits leading to the following outcomes. Validity of records Upon conducting the site visits, the inspectors of FWO reviewed and compared the pay records, CCTV footage, the interview records, and the time records were obtained. The inspectors made follow-up calls and called employees for interviews upon visiting the site(Habbit, 2016). The move ensured the inspectors verified the information provided. Through thorough testing and reviewing of evidence, the inspectors identified various inconsistencies regarding the employee paid rates, conditions of work, time records and rosters(Marin-Guzman, 2016). The Fair Work inspector discovered the presence of inaccurate records in the company. The FWO found that most stores had inaccurate records and promoted significant underpayments. With inaccurate records, it made it difficult for the inspectors to identify the unmet entitlement. In fact, the investigated stores excluded specialist payroll provider mandated in processing pays. It was unfortunate that 7-Eleven used manual methods in processing wage payments. The companys accountants entered the hours worked manually into the companys payroll system. During the manual entry system, the officers could enter different penalty hours but fail to enter the rate to be paid(Habbit, 2016). These system parameters affected the franchisees in making proper payment because inaccurate records were manipulated thus affecting the payroll system(Marin-Guzman, 2016). The misleading and false records contravened the fair work regulations. The production of such records affected the employees. The FWO found it difficult to assess the employee entitlement accurately. The inquiry discovered that employers decided for workers on their actual rate of pay ($10-$17) per hour. Employee participation The inquiry realized that many employees were lone rangers. The employers never engaged them in their decisions. With lack of participation, even the inspectors found it difficult to investigate the stores (Ferguson, 2017). In one store, for instance, only one employee volunteered to engage in the formal interview. Interestingly, many employees opted for anonymous interviews for fear of victimization. Some employees provided false accounts of wages thus making the information inconsistent(Lannin, 2016). For example, some workers provided answers, which served their interests because they continuously changed their answers. During the forensic investigation, some stores acknowledged the presence of false records while some relied on fabricated records. This justified the franchisees contravened the wage provisions. Visa-holders The FWO discovered that most of 7-Elevens franchisees were from China, India, and Pakistan. The majority of the workers are visa-holders and male international students. According to the inquiry, the FWO received assistance request from many visa-holders who accounted for about 12 percent. The visa-holders claimed that they were paid $10-$12 per hour(FWO, 2016). In Australia, employers have no authority to undercut minimum wage. These employers should also avoid keeping inaccurate time-and-wage records. It further emerged that 7-Eleven took advantage of the international students inability to understand the workplace rights(Sivaraman, 2016). In fact, most of the visa-holders are afraid to seek the help of Commonwealth regulators. For instance, they work for more than 50 hours per week instead of the 40 hours. Exploitation complicity The FWO has called the convenience store to acknowledge that its business model created an environment that promoted illegal work conditions and wage fraud(Ferguson Danckert, 2016). The report of the inquiry revealed that the firm and its networks compounded the wage fraud because it failed to use the recommended processes and systems address and detect worker exploitation. The workers revealed to the FWO about the systematic wage abuse. The FWO compelled the franchise operator to comply with the federal workplace agreement. Based on the findings, the head office had received employee grievance but failed to act(James, 2016 ). Therefore, the investigation discovered breaches in workplace laws. Gaps in the Australian ER system In the Australian industrial relations, the union movements have completely declined. This followed the governments efforts to merge the unions thus making them irrelevant (Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). The FWO inquiry exposes the lack of worker representation because even the employees feared to share their tribulations in camera. They prefer providing information anonymously to conceal their identity. In fact, the Union membership has dropped thus justifying the increased cases of worker exploitation. Today, the country has experienced the increase in casual jobs. The growth of such jobs has prevented workers from joining unions and engaging enterprise bargaining. The decline of union movements is signalling the death of collective bargaining(Sivaraman, 2016). This makes Australian industrial relations landscape to look different. The inquiry raises various gaps relating to the role of government and unions. Protecting the rights of workers The E-Eleven presents the horrific stories relating to exploitation and abuse of vulnerable workers(Phillips, 2015). It raises the question whether unions in Australia exist. Since time immemorial, unions helped the government in enforcing the workplace laws and policing workplace abuses. However, the 7-Eleven case, the unions seemed to have taken the back stage. The retail workers union never raised any alarm yet the employees were exploited. It took the courage of a whistleblower, a consumer advocate to raise the alarm thus revealing the 7-Eleven scandal. In most cases, active unions enforced workplace conditions and standards(Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). In Australia, the government has under-resourced the FWO thus making it impossible to improve workplaces and protect the Australians rights. The continued de-unionisation campaign has promoted workplace deregulation thus leaving vulnerable workers exposed to exploitation. The adoption of Fair Work Act (2009) provided a balance for workers. However, the continued anti-union campaigns have reduced the union density and power(Disclaimer, 2017). The employers have used the absence of unions to exploit workers without significant consequences. The activities and abuse in 7-Eleven form an evidence of a powerless union including the FWO(Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). It emerges that unions face challenges to implement the federal workplace laws. In fact, the union officials are denied the legal rights to visit members in various workplaces. These officials can only access workplace if they have the right-of-entry card. They should also give a 24-hour notice to the employer before visiting(Phillips, 2015). Sometimes, the employer can challenge their visit in the FW Commission. With the 24-hours notice, the employer can get an opport unity to hide the incriminating evidence. Similarly, the union officials rarely have the right to check employment records. The employer can insist that such meetings be held in an appropriate environment thus discourage workers from meeting their representatives. Many employers also use plethora tactics to overcome the collective bargaining(Cox, 2016). These employers know that without the collective bargaining agreement, the union can rarely challenge the employer using the enforceable dispute resolution mechanisms. With the fear of insecurity of migrant workers, the hurdle to engage them becomes difficult. Currently, the FWA has granted employers the least help. For instance, this law completely restricts union activities(Phillips, 2015). The abuse and exploitation of visa-holders offer the unions an opportunity to consider this new group of workers. The precariat or insecure workers need protection from their bosses. Since the 2000s, the country has experienced a steady growth of short contracts, casualization, labor hires and independent contracting. The labor unions have remained adamant to represent these insecure workers. Most unions are concentrating on protecting their bases of an island of privilege instead of the insecure workforce(Sivaraman, 2016). Despite the continued efforts to restore the role of labor unions in the workplace, the union movements have engaged in corruption scandals, leadership tussles, and witch-hunt over trade union royalties(Cox, 2016). These practices have tainted the reputation of trade unions. The Australian government must recognize the significance of insecure workers by protecting their workplace rights. It thus must allocate sufficient resources to support the operations of the Fair Work Ombudsman. It should further use the senate to adopt stringent regulations and laws to protect workers against employers blackmail (Cox, 2016). The implications of the inquiry for the regulation of ER in Australia The payroll noncompliance presents long-term implications to the organization as demonstrated below. Franchise brand The noncompliance with payroll regulations damages franchise brand thus imposes a harmful long-term effect. In most cases, many stakeholders believe that payroll noncompliance destroys the brand of an organization. The negative brand effect would make it difficult for a franchise to attract quality talents. For instance, the employees are unwilling to work for franchises, which exploit them and underpay. The perception of the community about such organizations remains negative(Phillips, 2015). To this effect, the firms performance and recruitment strategies will suffer. Everyone will view the company negatively thus makes it impossible for it to expand its market share and attract new customers and employees. Employee dissatisfaction Payroll noncompliance exposes an organization to financial risks, especially when the employees are dissatisfied. The knock-on effect of employee dissatisfaction remains incomparable. For instance, the affected workers would be demotivated, disengaged, and they would give substandard customer services. The noncompliance can also expose the firm to back payments and significance fines. For instance, 7-Eleven was fined millions of dollars for underpayments thus made it suffer the financial risks (Phillips, 2015). Therefore, the company found itself in a difficult situation because it had to look for money to pay the workers leading to potential losses. The franchisors, which fail to comply with payroll regulations, make their brands unattractive to various franchisees. The overall effect is evident in the losses of the business. Liability The Fair Work Act of 2009 protects the interests of individuals in low-wage industries. Under this Act, the managers are expected to treat their workers fairly including shaping their working conditions(Hardy). This law was enacted to protect workers by providing remedy regimes. The FWO has used this law to hold managers and directors of companies accountable for contravening the federal workplace laws. The Fair Work Bill 2017 introduces new provisions that protect the workers against exploitation(Disclaimer, 2017). In the new provisions, the employee, the FWO, or union can bring a holding company or franchisor to the Federal Circuit Court or the Federal Court for breaching the employment agreement. According to this provision, the court can impose a maximum penalty worth 300 and 60 penalty units for bodies corporate and individual respectively(ACCI, 2015). This implies that a holding company or franchisor is liable for contravening any prescribed provisions. The Fair Work Amendment Bill 2017 protects the vulnerable workers. Under the proposed law, the liability is extended to the individuals engaged in the franchisees affairs. In subsection 558(1) of the bill, the franchisor entities are liable for contravening the FWA, especially where the entities are aware of the contraventions(Disclaimer, 2017). For instance, if the franchisor is aware of alleged underpayment or systematic noncompliance, the firm will be liable for denying its workers their entitlement as provided for under the FWA (ACCI, 2015). The Australian Chamber of Commerce has made its position known regarding the underpayment practices. The Chamber condemns such practices by franchisors or franchisees because they defy the immigration law and legal obligations deliberately (Disclaimer, 2017). According to the Australian Chamber, the exploitation of vulnerable employees attracts legal liability. In fact, the FWO has taken to court about 42 percent of the visa-holder vulnerabil ity cases, where the body sought damages and compensations for the underpaid workers (ACCI, 2015). The FW Act offers an opportunity for the vulnerable workers to get justice. Anybody or the organization contravening the Act can be held responsible as provided for under the FW Act section 550. Conclusion 7-Eleven workers have experienced serious abuse and exploitation from their employer. Based on this article, it is evident that the employer underpaid them, encouraged them to breach their visa conditions, and falsify records. The Fair Work Ombudsman inquiry found that these serious allegations were factual. Apparently, the FWO is under-resourced to act in such cases and protect the rights of insecure workers. The union movements have also failed in their responsibility to protect the interests and workplace rights of members. In fact, the government has undermined the role of unions in Australia thus allowing employers to abuse and exploit workers. Although the FWO demonstrated the reasons to conduct the inquiry into the 7-Eleven issues, the FWA has denied the commission the power to enforce the industrial relations regulations. It thus depends on the courts to stamp its authority. Bibliography ACCI. (2015, November 27). Victoria Inquiry into the Labour Hire Industry and Insecure Work. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from https://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/1311363/Submission-ACCI.pdf AG-FWO. (2016, April). A Report of the Fair Work Ombudsmans Inquiry into 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from Fair Work Ombudsman: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/763/7-eleven-inquiry-report.pdf.aspx Cox, D. (2016, May 16). 7-Eleven Wage Scam: Union Says It Has Evidence Cash-Back Scheme is Still Alive and Kicking. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from ABC Newcastle: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-16/7-eleven-hunter-cash-back-scheme-still-alive-union-says/7415940 Disclaimer. (2017, May 25). Fair Work Amendment (Protecting Vulnerable Workers) Bill 2017 Explanatory Memorandum. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Commonwealth of Australia Explanatory Memoranda: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/bill_em/fwavwb2017525/memo_0.html Ferguson, A. (2017, February 12). 7-Eleven Inquiry a Chance to Fix Whistleblower Protection. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from Financial Review: https://www.afr.com/business/legal/7eleven-inquiry-a-chance-to-fix-whistleblower-protection-20170212-guax8z Ferguson, A., Danckert, S. (2016, April 9). 7-Eleven: Fair Work Ombudsman Says Admit Exploitation Complicity. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from The Sydney Morning Herald: https://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/fair-work-ombudsman-calls-on-7eleven-to-admit-exploitation-comp FWO. (2016, April 9). Statement on 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Australian Government: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2016-media-releases/april-2016/20160409-7-eleven-presser Habbit, C. (2016, April 13). FWO: 7-Eleven Could Have Acted Earlier and Done More . Retrieved August 29, 2017, from Convenience Impulse Retailing: https://c-store.com.au/2016/04/13/fwo-7-eleven-could-have-acted-earlier-and-done-more/ Hardy, T. (n.d.). Who Should be Held Liable for Workplace Contraventions and on What Basis. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tess_Hardy/publication/303699676_Who_Should_Be_Held_Liable_for_Workplace_Contraventions_and_On_What_Basis/links/58e44 James, N. (2016 , April 9). Statement on 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 9, 2017, from Fair Work Imbudsman: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2016-media-releases/april-2016/20160409-7-eleven-presser Lannin, S. (2016, December 7). 7-Eleven and Fair Work Sign Deal to combat Exploitation Using Biometrics, CCTV. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from ABC News: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-07/7-eleven-and-fairwork-sign-deal-to-combat-exploitation/8099538 Marin-Guzman, D. (2016, May 2). Lack of Compulsory Powers Leads to 7-Eleven-like Non-Compliance: FWO. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Thompson Reuters: https://sites.thomsonreuters.com.au/workplace/2016/05/02/lack-of-compulsory-powers-leads-to-7-eleven-like-non-compliance-fwo-2/ Phillips, M. (2015, October 13). The Challenge for Unions. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Overland: https://overland.org.au/2015/10/the-challenge-for-unions/ Schofield-Georgeson, E. (2017, February 17). Work Councils Could be the Future of Australian Industrial Democracy in an ABCC world. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/work-councils-could-be-the-future-of-australian-industrial-democracy-in-an- Sivaraman, G. 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