Diabetic Management Plan Free Essays

string(192) shows that firmly controlling glucose levels can forestall the turn of events and movement of little vein (microvascular) sickness and nerve illness (neuropathy) (Wendt 2009). Diabetes Mellitus is an infection known to people since the old occasions. Hieroglyphics of Egypt, which dated in 1500 BC, outlined side effects of diabetes. During this time, individuals portrayed diabetes to be type 2 in particular and type 1 diabetes is a newfound illness. We will compose a custom article test on Diabetic Management Plan or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Notwithstanding, this has been clarified by inquires about and considers that type 2 diabetes is not quite the same as type 1 diabetes (Hanas 2007). In the present, instances of diabetes persistently rise particularly instances of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an insulin subordinate diabetes that is normal to youngsters and adolescents. Here, the body thoroughly doesn't create insulin rendering the glucose futile for an individual (Fox and Kilvert 2007). The glucose level on the blood rises and influences certain body capacities making the individual look for clinical consideration. Diabetes has no fix. At the point when one has diabetes, the person has it for lifetime. Be that as it may, certain routes in overseeing diabetes, regardless of whether it is type 1 or type 2, are found yet with thought to prescription, action, and diet. Severe adherence to medicine routine is helpful in forestalling the advancement of diabetic difficulties. Standard exercise or physical movement just as appropriate dietary patterns is likewise demonstrated to assist lower with blooding sugar levels making it controllable. Likewise, visit observing of blood glucose will permit a person to envision and act in light of the recently perused glucose level. The Case of Jodie is a 17-year-old young lady who has quite recently been determined to have type 1 diabetes following admission to the neighborhood Emergency Department in DKA. She is at present contemplating year 12 at secondary school, plays netball each Saturday evening and appreciates going to parties with her companions. Jodie weighs 55kg with a BMI of 20. She lives joyfully at home with her folks and more seasoned sibling. Jodie has been initiated on a basal bolus insulin routine utilizing Humalog and Levemir. Dietary Management Managing diet is likewise a key factor in appropriate administration of diabetes. It is critical to underscore to the customer and the family that the customer isn't taking a diabetic eating regimen yet rather a fair feast. Accentuation should likewise be considered on the ethnicity of the customer just as social and strict foundation of the patient. Before taking these into contemplations, it is critical to know the fundamental caloric admission of the customer. By duplicating the heaviness of the Jodie in pounds (121 lbs) to 10 (steady multiplier for female), you will think of an aggregate of 1210. This is the fundamental caloric need of Jodie. Increasing the essential caloric need (1210) with 0. 40 (steady multiplier for thorough movement) will think of a subsequent action based caloric needs (605). Calories for absorption can likewise be determined by duplicating the entirety of essential caloric admission and action based caloric needs (1210 + 605) to 0. 10 (consistent number). The outcome would be 181. 5. In conclusion, register for the absolute day by day caloric admission by summarizing the essential caloric admission, action based caloric admission, and calories required for assimilation (1210 + 605 + 181. 5). The outcome would be 1996. 5. This is the caloric needs of Jodie each Saturday since she is occupied with netball and celebrating with her companions. Then again, the caloric admission of Jodie from Monday to Friday and Sunday would be 1863. 4. After registering the day by day caloric admission of Jodie, it very well may be reasoned that vitality needs shifts among people regularly, and relies incredibly upon the age, sexual orientation, and ethnicity (â€Å"How to Calculate Your Total Daily Calorie Needs † 2010). Brilliant, Aslander-van Vliet and Waldron (2009) proposed how complete caloric admission must be appropriated: Carbohydrates must comprise around 50-55%; fats must be 30-35%; protein must be 10-15%; and sucrose must be 10%. In this manner, Jodie must have a starch admission of 931. 7-1024. 87 calories (M-F, Sun) and 998. 25-1098. 08 calories(Sat); fat admission of 559. 02-654. 19 calories (M-F, Sun) and 598. 5-698. 78 calories (Sat); protein admission of 186. 34-279. 51 calories (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65-299. 48 calories (Sat); and sucrose admission of 186. 34 (M-F, Sun) and 199. 65 (Sat). When taking sugar rich food, it may be important to incorporate sound sources like vegetables, natural products, vegetables, entire grains, and low fat milk. Mull over different options for the wellspring of food by counseling the sugar trade table, cabohydrate tallying and the utilization of glycemic burden and file. In the utilization of fat, food with immersed fat must be restricted to under seven percent of all out caloric admission. Consistently, at least two servings of fish is passable however with exception to the industrially delivered fish filet (American Diabetes Association 2007). Supplant soaked fats with monounsaturated unsaturated fats and polyunsaturated unsaturated fats using low fat dairy items, lean meats, olive and sesame seed oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, and soybean oil. Support admission of protein from (vegetables) and creatures (fit meat, fish, low dairy items) since it advances development and is a decent wellspring of nitrogen for the body. Contemplate additionally that the salt admission of the customer must be under 6 grams for each day. Prompt those people who set up the food that they ought to abstain from including salt in preparing and in dinners. Also, unreasonable liquor ought to be stayed away from in light of the fact that it meddles with gluconeogenesis coming about to delayed hypoglycemia. The patient should likewise be encouraged to wear recognizable pieces of proof about her diabetes, and devour starches previously, during, and in the wake of drinking. Drinking, then again, must be done with some restraint and must devour drinks with diminished liquor content. Forestall nighttime hypoglycemia by expending starch rich sleep time nibble. Blood glucose observing must be accomplished all the more frequently around evening time until noon of the next day (Smart 2009). Observing Patients with Diabetes Knowing that diabetes can prompt some genuine confusions, it is better in the event that one should know the things that he/she should screen so as to forestall these inconveniences. One ought to have careful observing of glucose. Logical proof shows that firmly controlling glucose levels can forestall the turn of events and movement of little vein (microvascular) illness and nerve ailment (neuropathy) (Wendt 2009). You read Diabetic Management Plan in classification The executives Since high glucose is considered as the offender to the majority of the diabetic inconveniences, checking blood glucose by the patient is critical to keep results from unmonitored blood glucose. Low glucose level may prompt hypoglycemia. Mellow hypoglycemia can make an individual vibe awkward and can meddle with his typical working. Be that as it may, extreme hypoglycemia can cause seizure, loss of awareness, and trance like state (Kelly 2006). Staying away from highs and lows in glucose won't just improve the patient feel, yet will essentially diminish his/her danger of diabetes confusions. Cholesterol levels ought to likewise be checked. A test done to screen the cholesterol level of a diabetic individual is called fasting lipid profile. It is a blood test that quantifies the all out cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels in the circulation system. It is additionally used to survey the hazard for the improvement of coronary supply route malady, one of the inclining factors for respiratory failure (Kaufman 2010). Realizing that cholesterol influences the veins of the retina and the heart provides the wellbeing supplier some insight that any noteworthy increment in the level would require prompt checking and intercession. On the off chance that cholesterol is controlled, the danger of creating complexities is extraordinarily diminished. Monitoring circulatory strain is significant in light of the fact that individuals who have diabetes will in general experience more difficulty with hypertension than individuals who don't have the sickness. Having both diabetes and hypertension can sneak up all of a sudden to the extent expanding the danger of coronary illness, stroke, and eye, kidney and nerve complexities (Manzella 2006). Raised circulatory strain expands blood stream into the eye, quickening diabetic retinopathy (Chous 2006). Knowing the early signs and manifestations are additionally key in forestalling diabetic inconveniences. Be that as it may, diabetic retinopathy has no early signs and side effects. Jodie then should know about the yearly eye assessment that must be done after the fundamental assessment inside 5 years after the finding of diabetes (â€Å"Diabetes† 2010). Enlarged eye assessment must be done each year by an optometrist or ophthalmologist proficient about and experienced with diabetes and diabetic eye illness (Chous 2006) so as to know the degree of eye gesture. Both the patient and the wellbeing supplier ought to likewise screen a few signs and side effects to forestall visual impairment. Any worry as to the patient’s vision must be paid attention to. Know whether the patient gripes of suspended dull spots that meddles with his/her vision. It might show blood hole to the vitreous funniness, which can prompt visual impairment. Likewise, contemplate the expanding trouble in performing things that require concentrate, for example, perusing and sewing. Removals can likewise be forestalled if the patient has cautious foot care. Foot care is significant since the patient with diabetes has diminished sensation on the lower limits. Preventive measures would incorporate looking for signs and indications of looming ulceration. The patient and the wellbeing supplier ought to know about any growing, thick hard skin or corns, and any rankles or

Problems In Financing Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues In Financing Education - Assignment Example A starter examination of the separation of 2000 understudies dependent on past records show that the main part of the understudies need make-up instructing in Math-there are two areas with a seating of 1400 understudies, including 70 percent of the absolute 2000 understudies. When contrasted with this, there is only one segment each for Reading English and Writing English individually and that thus includes 10 and 20 percent of understudy all out. Right now the educators are not paid any extra sum for these classes. In the interim, you have quite recently been educated that there has been a 10 percent cut in subsidizing and should discover approaches to manage this new reality.My first methodology is increment incomes for these classes by charging extra sums for the utilization of school offices like the b-ball court, pool, the PC lab and the science research center. This would frame an expansive base for acquiring extra sums and also could be executed for the long haul without many negative impacts. Utilizing offices, for example, the pool, the science lab, and the ball court could be made discretionary yet the utilization of the PC lab would be essential for all controls. A letter kept in touch with all guardians expressing the certainty of these measures would need to be readied, expressing the extra adds up to be charged and anticipated date of usage. It would likewise be referenced that a ton of tuition based schools have embraced this approach before, out of sheer need and so as to stay aware of the increasing expenses of training. System 2 My subsequent methodology is enlist low maintenance workforce containing resigned English and Math educators and teachers from the neighborhood network to take these classes, supported by the assistant staff for organization and so on. This gathering of resigned educators and teachers speaks to a promptly accessible asset pool that is frequently unused by our networks. The remuneration offered would be negligible and many would be thankful for a chance to make a commitment to the foundation significantly after their retirement. This would likewise favorably affect the school, head and the instructors in question. Methodology 3 I would likewise attempt to raise incomes by asking donors like Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Mark Zuckerberg to help the expense of showing a class for the whole term of a specific make-up meeting. This would incorporate the compensations of instructors just as other coincidental and regulatory expenses. Since there are five classes altogether, this could be accomplished serenely. The name of the benefactor would be decorated on the entryway of each class and a photo of the entryway just as the class in full meeting sent to every giver as an indication of the great work they have done by supporting this course (Sorenson and Goldsmith, 2006). It would comparably be useful for the head, educators, and understudies engaged with the task. Technique 4 Frequently the understudies lose intrigue on the grounds that the customary educators are in a rush and don't have the opportunity to give singular consideration and direction to a retrogressive

Social Issue Involves - Free Essay Example

This social issue involves the young graduate students of this generation. Not only has the price of college alone skyrocketed the burden of debt has gone up tremendously within the past 30 years. The reason why this is happening is due to the belief that higher education will get you the pass to the middle class and that having a higher education is the key to American success. Happening throughout the United States, this issues has sabotaged the disadvantaged groups and has hit the millennial generation the worst. Student loan debts have become the second-largest category of household debt topping credit card, and auto loan debt; a detrimental burden for American students. There is no question that student loan debts exist and has become a macro level social problem. We live in a highly competitive society which brings in conflict theory. There are more people going to school due to the ideology that hard work and a higher education will pave the way to the middle class and that it is vital to American success. The ideology behind getting a college degree does not always identify the misperception that just because people pursue and achieve an advanced education that they will be able to pay back those student loans.Karl Marx stresses that we are competing for social class and economic resources, we are all competing for prosperity. Prosperity within the United States involves a college degree to obtain a successful career to just be financially stable. The goal in this life is to be powerful or at the very least not let others power control ones life. Conflict Theory highlights that this is all for social survival and that if conflict theory did not exist then college would evidently be free. This concept is honestly inflicting because if all public institutions were tuition free, then no one would be burdened to the debt that come with higher education, the kind of education that is vital in the society. It could easily be said that the education system is the problem just due to the fact that student loans create inequality. The people who lack money to begin with are the ones who need to take out those loans, which creates the disadvantage for the people in the lower classes. According to Katrina Heuvel from the Washington Post, she wrote an article titled, Americans are drowning in student-loan debt. The U.S. should forgive all of it, she states that, women holdabout two-thirdsof all student loan debt in the United States, and since they still earn less than men make for comparable work,women pay their loans off more slowly, incurring higher interest payments. African Americans who tend to start off with fewer family resources fare worse than whites. Another group at a disadvantage are the millennials, according to a recent survey about 75% have some sort of debt, and as a result they save less than previous generations. (Heuvel, 2018) Unfortunately, for those who have the burden of larger debt they consequently can not even begin to save to settle down, they delay any decision of buying a home, marriage and children, and even retirement. The Functionalist Theory comes into play when it comes to education because education is viewed as a highly important institution in a social society. Robert K. Merton an American Sociologist made functionalism much more useful when he introduced manifest function, also known as the primary function, which would be the intended and visible aspects of education; and the latent function; secondary, which would be the unintended and hidden aspects of education. Manifest functions within our society begins in the earliest forms of education, where students are taught social and societal roles. Schools are social institutions that prepare children for adult economic roles. Schools qualify students to earn a higher education, which leads them into higher paying jobs, and hopefully the goal is to have a financially stable life after. The latent forms of our education system are again the unidentified misperceptions of being able to pay off their loans. Heuvel mentions in her article that the College Board reports that, in 2016 the average debt for those who took out loans to finish a bachelors degree was $28,400. Not only do students come out of college with a large amount of debt to pay off they are faced with the reality that they are still competing, and that finding a job alone is difficult without any experience. Now a days it is extremely difficult to come out of college and make enough money to pay your bills, let alone your debts. These issues result from that people think of their actions and how those actions may benefit them, they do not typically think about every hidden outcome that those decisions may have on them. The Symbolic Interactionism theory shows us the social issue of student debt at a micro level. Interactionism claims that society is composed of ever-present interactions among individuals who share symbols and their meanings. In the case of education, it is credentials. Credentials symbolize the completion of education; it emphasizes certificates, or degrees that exhibit the persons skill, education level, or whether or not they have met the job qualifications. This symbol allows the labeling of that individual within our society. According to Heuvels article, she brings up that if all public universities went tuition free the United States would ensure every student that they would not hold the burden of any debt for aspiring to receive a higher education, which everyone could agree is essential to our economic society. Another way that could not necessarily fix the situation, but could help it could be to base the debt on GPA; the higher the GPA the lower the debt/ interest rate. Without any kind of authority or power, unfortunately the only thing that groups or people involved could do is to be vocal about this issue. The article does not give any information on how any of the disadvantaged groups involved are invested in resolving this social problem. Without any kind of change this social issue will continuously negatively affect the generations to come, as well as our economic society. We will continue to see our younger generations condemned to the debt that comes with the education that is vital to liv e in the United States society. Works Cited Heuvel, Katrina. Opinion | Americans Are Drowning in Student-Loan Debt. The U.S. Should Forgive All of It.The Washington Post, WP Company, 19 June 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/americans-are-drowning-in-student-loan-debt-the-us-should-forgive-all-of-it/2018/06/19/82565218-7314-11e8-9780-b1dd6a09b549_story.html?noredirect=onutm_term=.2e47f5008f21.

Effects of ADD/ADHD - 897 Words

Affects of ADD/ADHD Robert was a typical two-year old boy always running and jumping around. In kindergarten, he couldnt remain seated during group time and moved between centers, leaving each a mess as he ran over peers. Third grade teachers began to talk to Roberts parents: he was blurting out answers and his desk was constantly crammed full of papers, toys, and books. In junior high, assignments done at home were never turned in and Robert received lunch detention for constant talking. He was late to class every day in high school because it was impossible to wake him. He couldnt find his keys most mornings. During college, he lost five cell phones and graduated with 2.65 grade point average. Robert was a typical ADHD child†¦show more content†¦They are constantly moving, squirming and fidgeting as a result, may be physically clumsy and awkward. Their clumsiness may extend to the social arena. The causes of AHHD are not known however, it appears that heredity plays a maj or role in the development of ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD are Cylert, Dexedrine, and Ritalin and although the exact cause of ADHD is not known, an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells, is believed to be the mechanism behind ADHD symptoms (ford 2). If ADHD is not treated and left undiagnosed children may have serious problems as they grow older. ADHD negatively affects a childs social and educational performance and can seriously damage his or her sense of self-esteem. They may be perceived as slow learners or troublemakers in the classroom people may think of them as outcasts. Siblings and even parents may develop resentful feelings towards the ADHD child (Ford 6). The social impact on a child with ADHD can affect them in ways people dont understand and parents, teachers and other students should be a role model to ADHD children because if they are demonstrating appropriate behavior then the child imita tes and looks up to them. Teaching Methods However the teaching methods of a child with ADHD are very important becauseShow MoreRelatedOver-Diagnosis Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.1273 Words   |  6 PagesDisorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among children and adolescents (UCLA). ADHD/ADD usually becomes apparent in children during preschool and early school years. ADHD/ADD affects 3 percent to 5 percent of approximately two million American children (Frequently). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a disability in which children consistentlyRead MoreEssay about Students With ADD/ADHD and Class Placement1218 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary students with learning-disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt in an ordinary classroom setting with other students without learning-disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. It is because of this classroom placement problem that many learni ng-impaired students are doing worse academically and socially in a non-inclusive settingRead MoreThe Class Placement of Students with ADD/ADHD1721 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary students with learning disabilities such as ADD/ADHD are continuously perceived as incompetent to adapt to a traditional classroom setting with students who have no learning disabilities. Consequently, many students with learning disabilities are placed in classrooms that are designated only for students with learning disabilities. Schools use a non-inclusive setting when students with learning impairments like ADD/ADHD are placed in a â€Å"special class† with other learning impairment studentsRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1210 Words   |  5 PagesADD/ADHD, better known as Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, is a growing disorder in children and adults alike in the United States. So many people have this disorder now a days that it isnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t a rare thing for a child to be diagnosed with it. In this paper I will go over the cause of ADD/ ADHD, the details about what it actually is and how it affects people, when you need to have the child checked for this disorder, and the many signs and symptoms of ADD/ ADHD disorderRead MoreDrug Use And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1302 Words   |  6 PagesRitalin is a prescription drug used primarily in the treatment of behavioural problems in children such as Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (National Drug Intelligence Centre 2006). It is estimated that 11 percent of Australians between the ages of 6 to 17 are affected by ADD or ADHD and the amount of Ritalin being prescribed has doubled in the last 10 years ( Schriever 2012). The brand name for Ritalin is methylphenidate, a drug that stimulatesRead MoreMany People Have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder917 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (will be abbreviated ADD/ADHD) including the author of this paper who writes from personal experience. People with this disorder might be easily recognized because of their hyperactivity, inattentiveness, or disorganization. Many parents do not want their child on medication, because it would require testing, and it would label their child. What is not understood is that ADD/ADHD is protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act meaning it cannotRead More Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesHyperactivity Disorder â€Å"ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is like living in a fast moving kaleidoscope where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly shifting.† (NIMH-ADHD) ADHD can be very frustrating and difficult for children. 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In fact according to Raspan Gomez from the University of Ballarat, Australia â€Å"ADD and ADHD have the Same 18 symptoms covering inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HYP), and impulsivity (IMP).† (Gomez) When it comes to Attention deficit disorder (ADD) thereRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder ( Add ) Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Disorder (ADD) LeeAnn Larsen Community College of Aurora Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is â€Å"a syndrome of disordered learning and disruptive behavior that is not caused by any serious underlying physical or mental disorder and that has several subtypes characterized primarily by symptoms of inattentiveness or primarily by symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsive behavior (as speaking out of turn) or by the significant expression of allRead MoreLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesLiving with Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurobiological disorder. Recent research shows that the symptoms of ADD are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. (Rebecca Chapman Booth) With ADD there is a flaw in the way the brain manages the neurotransmitter production, storage or flow, causing imbalances. It has been suggested that as many as 80 percent of ADD cases are the result of genetics with the remainder caused by toxins, trauma or illness

Similarities And Differences Between Martin Luther King Jr...

Even after almost fifty-years, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X endure as cherished, powerful, and instrumental leaders in the Civil Rights Movement. Although they were advocating for the same cause, they were not always on the same page about the means. They were both ministers, although of different faiths, and had different thought processes. In his autobiography, Malcolm discusses his childhood in poverty and the ramifications that this caused such as dropping out of school in the eight-grade. Upon moving to Boston from Nebraska, Malcolm was in yet another disadvantaged environment that was interwoven with violence, eventually leading to his incarceration that lasted six years. Martin, however, was a well-educated man from a†¦show more content†¦When it came to violence, Martin opposed, feeling that there was a thin line between aggression and defense. He felt that violence would lead to death and a spiral, making things worse rather than fixing them. In Martinâ€⠄¢s ‘Where Do We Go From Here† speech from August 1967, he states â€Å"Through violence, you may murder a liar, but you can’t establish truth†¦ murder a hater, but you can’t murder hate... Darkness cannot put out darkness; only light can do that.† Malcolm on the other hand, spoke of self-preservation and self-defense. He saw the whites as the ones guilty of violence throughout history, and now it was the time for African-Americans to stand up for themselves. Martin felt that black Americans should be paid for the long history of oppression and should have equal rights. Although both men had experiences that shaped their different philosophies, once involved in Civil Rights they had similar experiences. Both men had seen and felt prejudice, been to jail, got death threats, homes attacked. The difference was how to respond to these instances. Martin wanted to get the prejudice and brutality in the spotlight, using non-violent means to cause an em otional reaction to spark change. Malcolm wanted African-Americans to take things into their own hands, with violence being a tool. Both men got their messages across through speeches, which were also different. Malcolm liked to get the people riled up, he wasShow MoreRelatedDifferences and Similarities Between Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr.866 Words   |  4 Pagesyou   compare   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X,   you   will   know   instantly   that   this   is   true.   There   are   many   differences   between   the   two,   apart   from   the   striking   one:   that   Martin   Luther   King   was   a   very good   statesmen   who   delivered   moving   speeches   about   peace,   freedom   and   democracy   while   Malcolm   X   was   a   known   eradicator   of   those   who   were   not   of   the   superior   white   race.   The   beliefs   of   Martin   Luther   King   and   Malcolm   X   may   stem   from  Read MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Malcolm X1075 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X were very huge leading figures during the Civil Rights movement. Though they had many differences, they had some similarities. Both men’s fathers were preachers and both men were religious preachers themselves. Dr. King and Malcolm X were around the same age and they were both assassinated. Coincidentally, both men had the same number of children and eventually they had the same ideologies for the Civil Rights Movement. However, Dr. King and Malcolm X wereRead MoreI Have A Dream Allusion Essay700 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. portrays the message in his speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† that the Constitution guarantees to everyone the rights of equality and freedom no matter their skin color. In the speeches â€Å"I Have a Dream† by Martin Luther King Jr. and â€Å"The Gettysburg Address† by Abraham Lincoln, the authors, both use allusions similar and different from each other to convey the message that every one is guaranteed the rights of equality and freedom. A similarity in their use of allusions is that they bothRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesassemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesa specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X1263 Words   |  6 Pages* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he wasRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesand why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. Martin believed that violence was neverRead MoreMalcolm X : An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era1556 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans throughRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Religion1219 Words   |  5 PagesEarly on in his famous letter, Martin Luther King Jr. writes: â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership conference† (King 2). In a similar fashion, Malcolm X states in the third paragraph of his speech: â€Å"Although I am still a Muslim, I’m not here to discuss my religion† (X 24). Both making their religions clear, but the way they approach religion in the two texts are starkly different from one another. Both, in a way, touch on religion in such a way to respond

The FWO 7-Eleven Inquiry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the FWO 7-Eleven Inquiry. Answer: Introduction The Australian Fair Work Ombudsman made an inquiry regarding the underpayment of wages in June 2014 as was committed by the 7-Eleven Australia. Similarly, the FWO inquired into the falsification of the records of workers regarding their employment. The Ombudsman allegations of concern can be defined as systematic non-compliance of 7-Eleven with the countrys workplace laws(Thomsen, 2016). The ombudsman found that several 7-Eleven franchisees falsified employment records deliberately to facilitate the underpayment of remunerations. However, the inquiry discovered that the firms approach never detected or addressed the issues of non-compliance adequately. The commission accused the organization of intimidation, threats, and retaliation against the underpaid employees(Thomsen, 2016). The Senate inquiry also found that workers were intimidated and beaten(Woodley, 2016). Based on the significance of the 7-Eleven inquiry, this paper conducts an assessment regarding the companys compliance w ith industrial relations laws like pay and conditions. Reason for the FWO Inquiry The Fair Work Ombudsman had received various complaints regarding 7-Elevens compliance with the industrial relations laws since 2008. It had emerged that the employees of the company had raised concerns about the significance underpayment of wages(FWO, 2016). The systematic of non-compliance with the laws was a grave issue that the FWO could not compromise. The FWO linked the low payment to false employment records. Given the continued allegations regarding the franchisees noncompliance with the workplace laws, the FWO identified about eight issues (Lannin, 2016). The FWO discovered that the franchisees had a history of noncompliance. Since 2008, the FWO received regular reports from different stakeholders, especially employees regarding the significance underpayment of wages(AG-FWO, 2016). With the inaccurate records, the company has managed to underpay the workforce against the federal workplace laws. For instance, the firm reduced the working hours recorded. Through this strategy, the employer wanted to indicate that it paid its workers higher rates than the actual payment. The FWO had gathered intelligence and information regarding the allegations of underpayment and mistreatment of workers(FWO, 2016). The inquiry was to examine the franchisees operating model thoroughly. Through the inquiry, the FWO would resolve the individual requests of employees as the company failed to address noncompliance issues, network, and supply chain (Lannin, 2016). The Fair Work Act provided the rationale for the FWO inquiry because the allegations could have been contrary to this Act. The inquiry was purposeful, as the Fair Work Ombudsman wanted to identify the basis of allegations relating to the serious noncompliance(AG-FWO, 2016). The FWO wanted to assess the responsibility of the firms head office in the issue and the role of its operating model in promoting the unlawful practice. Findings The FWO launched the investigation into the issues and allegations raised by the workers and related stakeholders. In its effort to uncover the truth, the FWO made unannounced visits leading to the following outcomes. Validity of records Upon conducting the site visits, the inspectors of FWO reviewed and compared the pay records, CCTV footage, the interview records, and the time records were obtained. The inspectors made follow-up calls and called employees for interviews upon visiting the site(Habbit, 2016). The move ensured the inspectors verified the information provided. Through thorough testing and reviewing of evidence, the inspectors identified various inconsistencies regarding the employee paid rates, conditions of work, time records and rosters(Marin-Guzman, 2016). The Fair Work inspector discovered the presence of inaccurate records in the company. The FWO found that most stores had inaccurate records and promoted significant underpayments. With inaccurate records, it made it difficult for the inspectors to identify the unmet entitlement. In fact, the investigated stores excluded specialist payroll provider mandated in processing pays. It was unfortunate that 7-Eleven used manual methods in processing wage payments. The companys accountants entered the hours worked manually into the companys payroll system. During the manual entry system, the officers could enter different penalty hours but fail to enter the rate to be paid(Habbit, 2016). These system parameters affected the franchisees in making proper payment because inaccurate records were manipulated thus affecting the payroll system(Marin-Guzman, 2016). The misleading and false records contravened the fair work regulations. The production of such records affected the employees. The FWO found it difficult to assess the employee entitlement accurately. The inquiry discovered that employers decided for workers on their actual rate of pay ($10-$17) per hour. Employee participation The inquiry realized that many employees were lone rangers. The employers never engaged them in their decisions. With lack of participation, even the inspectors found it difficult to investigate the stores (Ferguson, 2017). In one store, for instance, only one employee volunteered to engage in the formal interview. Interestingly, many employees opted for anonymous interviews for fear of victimization. Some employees provided false accounts of wages thus making the information inconsistent(Lannin, 2016). For example, some workers provided answers, which served their interests because they continuously changed their answers. During the forensic investigation, some stores acknowledged the presence of false records while some relied on fabricated records. This justified the franchisees contravened the wage provisions. Visa-holders The FWO discovered that most of 7-Elevens franchisees were from China, India, and Pakistan. The majority of the workers are visa-holders and male international students. According to the inquiry, the FWO received assistance request from many visa-holders who accounted for about 12 percent. The visa-holders claimed that they were paid $10-$12 per hour(FWO, 2016). In Australia, employers have no authority to undercut minimum wage. These employers should also avoid keeping inaccurate time-and-wage records. It further emerged that 7-Eleven took advantage of the international students inability to understand the workplace rights(Sivaraman, 2016). In fact, most of the visa-holders are afraid to seek the help of Commonwealth regulators. For instance, they work for more than 50 hours per week instead of the 40 hours. Exploitation complicity The FWO has called the convenience store to acknowledge that its business model created an environment that promoted illegal work conditions and wage fraud(Ferguson Danckert, 2016). The report of the inquiry revealed that the firm and its networks compounded the wage fraud because it failed to use the recommended processes and systems address and detect worker exploitation. The workers revealed to the FWO about the systematic wage abuse. The FWO compelled the franchise operator to comply with the federal workplace agreement. Based on the findings, the head office had received employee grievance but failed to act(James, 2016 ). Therefore, the investigation discovered breaches in workplace laws. Gaps in the Australian ER system In the Australian industrial relations, the union movements have completely declined. This followed the governments efforts to merge the unions thus making them irrelevant (Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). The FWO inquiry exposes the lack of worker representation because even the employees feared to share their tribulations in camera. They prefer providing information anonymously to conceal their identity. In fact, the Union membership has dropped thus justifying the increased cases of worker exploitation. Today, the country has experienced the increase in casual jobs. The growth of such jobs has prevented workers from joining unions and engaging enterprise bargaining. The decline of union movements is signalling the death of collective bargaining(Sivaraman, 2016). This makes Australian industrial relations landscape to look different. The inquiry raises various gaps relating to the role of government and unions. Protecting the rights of workers The E-Eleven presents the horrific stories relating to exploitation and abuse of vulnerable workers(Phillips, 2015). It raises the question whether unions in Australia exist. Since time immemorial, unions helped the government in enforcing the workplace laws and policing workplace abuses. However, the 7-Eleven case, the unions seemed to have taken the back stage. The retail workers union never raised any alarm yet the employees were exploited. It took the courage of a whistleblower, a consumer advocate to raise the alarm thus revealing the 7-Eleven scandal. In most cases, active unions enforced workplace conditions and standards(Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). In Australia, the government has under-resourced the FWO thus making it impossible to improve workplaces and protect the Australians rights. The continued de-unionisation campaign has promoted workplace deregulation thus leaving vulnerable workers exposed to exploitation. The adoption of Fair Work Act (2009) provided a balance for workers. However, the continued anti-union campaigns have reduced the union density and power(Disclaimer, 2017). The employers have used the absence of unions to exploit workers without significant consequences. The activities and abuse in 7-Eleven form an evidence of a powerless union including the FWO(Schofield-Georgeson, 2017). It emerges that unions face challenges to implement the federal workplace laws. In fact, the union officials are denied the legal rights to visit members in various workplaces. These officials can only access workplace if they have the right-of-entry card. They should also give a 24-hour notice to the employer before visiting(Phillips, 2015). Sometimes, the employer can challenge their visit in the FW Commission. With the 24-hours notice, the employer can get an opport unity to hide the incriminating evidence. Similarly, the union officials rarely have the right to check employment records. The employer can insist that such meetings be held in an appropriate environment thus discourage workers from meeting their representatives. Many employers also use plethora tactics to overcome the collective bargaining(Cox, 2016). These employers know that without the collective bargaining agreement, the union can rarely challenge the employer using the enforceable dispute resolution mechanisms. With the fear of insecurity of migrant workers, the hurdle to engage them becomes difficult. Currently, the FWA has granted employers the least help. For instance, this law completely restricts union activities(Phillips, 2015). The abuse and exploitation of visa-holders offer the unions an opportunity to consider this new group of workers. The precariat or insecure workers need protection from their bosses. Since the 2000s, the country has experienced a steady growth of short contracts, casualization, labor hires and independent contracting. The labor unions have remained adamant to represent these insecure workers. Most unions are concentrating on protecting their bases of an island of privilege instead of the insecure workforce(Sivaraman, 2016). Despite the continued efforts to restore the role of labor unions in the workplace, the union movements have engaged in corruption scandals, leadership tussles, and witch-hunt over trade union royalties(Cox, 2016). These practices have tainted the reputation of trade unions. The Australian government must recognize the significance of insecure workers by protecting their workplace rights. It thus must allocate sufficient resources to support the operations of the Fair Work Ombudsman. It should further use the senate to adopt stringent regulations and laws to protect workers against employers blackmail (Cox, 2016). The implications of the inquiry for the regulation of ER in Australia The payroll noncompliance presents long-term implications to the organization as demonstrated below. Franchise brand The noncompliance with payroll regulations damages franchise brand thus imposes a harmful long-term effect. In most cases, many stakeholders believe that payroll noncompliance destroys the brand of an organization. The negative brand effect would make it difficult for a franchise to attract quality talents. For instance, the employees are unwilling to work for franchises, which exploit them and underpay. The perception of the community about such organizations remains negative(Phillips, 2015). To this effect, the firms performance and recruitment strategies will suffer. Everyone will view the company negatively thus makes it impossible for it to expand its market share and attract new customers and employees. Employee dissatisfaction Payroll noncompliance exposes an organization to financial risks, especially when the employees are dissatisfied. The knock-on effect of employee dissatisfaction remains incomparable. For instance, the affected workers would be demotivated, disengaged, and they would give substandard customer services. The noncompliance can also expose the firm to back payments and significance fines. For instance, 7-Eleven was fined millions of dollars for underpayments thus made it suffer the financial risks (Phillips, 2015). Therefore, the company found itself in a difficult situation because it had to look for money to pay the workers leading to potential losses. The franchisors, which fail to comply with payroll regulations, make their brands unattractive to various franchisees. The overall effect is evident in the losses of the business. Liability The Fair Work Act of 2009 protects the interests of individuals in low-wage industries. Under this Act, the managers are expected to treat their workers fairly including shaping their working conditions(Hardy). This law was enacted to protect workers by providing remedy regimes. The FWO has used this law to hold managers and directors of companies accountable for contravening the federal workplace laws. The Fair Work Bill 2017 introduces new provisions that protect the workers against exploitation(Disclaimer, 2017). In the new provisions, the employee, the FWO, or union can bring a holding company or franchisor to the Federal Circuit Court or the Federal Court for breaching the employment agreement. According to this provision, the court can impose a maximum penalty worth 300 and 60 penalty units for bodies corporate and individual respectively(ACCI, 2015). This implies that a holding company or franchisor is liable for contravening any prescribed provisions. The Fair Work Amendment Bill 2017 protects the vulnerable workers. Under the proposed law, the liability is extended to the individuals engaged in the franchisees affairs. In subsection 558(1) of the bill, the franchisor entities are liable for contravening the FWA, especially where the entities are aware of the contraventions(Disclaimer, 2017). For instance, if the franchisor is aware of alleged underpayment or systematic noncompliance, the firm will be liable for denying its workers their entitlement as provided for under the FWA (ACCI, 2015). The Australian Chamber of Commerce has made its position known regarding the underpayment practices. The Chamber condemns such practices by franchisors or franchisees because they defy the immigration law and legal obligations deliberately (Disclaimer, 2017). According to the Australian Chamber, the exploitation of vulnerable employees attracts legal liability. In fact, the FWO has taken to court about 42 percent of the visa-holder vulnerabil ity cases, where the body sought damages and compensations for the underpaid workers (ACCI, 2015). The FW Act offers an opportunity for the vulnerable workers to get justice. Anybody or the organization contravening the Act can be held responsible as provided for under the FW Act section 550. Conclusion 7-Eleven workers have experienced serious abuse and exploitation from their employer. Based on this article, it is evident that the employer underpaid them, encouraged them to breach their visa conditions, and falsify records. The Fair Work Ombudsman inquiry found that these serious allegations were factual. Apparently, the FWO is under-resourced to act in such cases and protect the rights of insecure workers. The union movements have also failed in their responsibility to protect the interests and workplace rights of members. In fact, the government has undermined the role of unions in Australia thus allowing employers to abuse and exploit workers. Although the FWO demonstrated the reasons to conduct the inquiry into the 7-Eleven issues, the FWA has denied the commission the power to enforce the industrial relations regulations. It thus depends on the courts to stamp its authority. Bibliography ACCI. (2015, November 27). Victoria Inquiry into the Labour Hire Industry and Insecure Work. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from https://economicdevelopment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/1311363/Submission-ACCI.pdf AG-FWO. (2016, April). A Report of the Fair Work Ombudsmans Inquiry into 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from Fair Work Ombudsman: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/763/7-eleven-inquiry-report.pdf.aspx Cox, D. (2016, May 16). 7-Eleven Wage Scam: Union Says It Has Evidence Cash-Back Scheme is Still Alive and Kicking. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from ABC Newcastle: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-16/7-eleven-hunter-cash-back-scheme-still-alive-union-says/7415940 Disclaimer. (2017, May 25). Fair Work Amendment (Protecting Vulnerable Workers) Bill 2017 Explanatory Memorandum. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Commonwealth of Australia Explanatory Memoranda: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/bill_em/fwavwb2017525/memo_0.html Ferguson, A. (2017, February 12). 7-Eleven Inquiry a Chance to Fix Whistleblower Protection. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from Financial Review: https://www.afr.com/business/legal/7eleven-inquiry-a-chance-to-fix-whistleblower-protection-20170212-guax8z Ferguson, A., Danckert, S. (2016, April 9). 7-Eleven: Fair Work Ombudsman Says Admit Exploitation Complicity. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from The Sydney Morning Herald: https://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/fair-work-ombudsman-calls-on-7eleven-to-admit-exploitation-comp FWO. (2016, April 9). Statement on 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Australian Government: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2016-media-releases/april-2016/20160409-7-eleven-presser Habbit, C. (2016, April 13). FWO: 7-Eleven Could Have Acted Earlier and Done More . Retrieved August 29, 2017, from Convenience Impulse Retailing: https://c-store.com.au/2016/04/13/fwo-7-eleven-could-have-acted-earlier-and-done-more/ Hardy, T. (n.d.). Who Should be Held Liable for Workplace Contraventions and on What Basis. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tess_Hardy/publication/303699676_Who_Should_Be_Held_Liable_for_Workplace_Contraventions_and_On_What_Basis/links/58e44 James, N. (2016 , April 9). Statement on 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 9, 2017, from Fair Work Imbudsman: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2016-media-releases/april-2016/20160409-7-eleven-presser Lannin, S. (2016, December 7). 7-Eleven and Fair Work Sign Deal to combat Exploitation Using Biometrics, CCTV. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from ABC News: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-07/7-eleven-and-fairwork-sign-deal-to-combat-exploitation/8099538 Marin-Guzman, D. (2016, May 2). Lack of Compulsory Powers Leads to 7-Eleven-like Non-Compliance: FWO. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Thompson Reuters: https://sites.thomsonreuters.com.au/workplace/2016/05/02/lack-of-compulsory-powers-leads-to-7-eleven-like-non-compliance-fwo-2/ Phillips, M. (2015, October 13). The Challenge for Unions. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from Overland: https://overland.org.au/2015/10/the-challenge-for-unions/ Schofield-Georgeson, E. (2017, February 17). Work Councils Could be the Future of Australian Industrial Democracy in an ABCC world. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/work-councils-could-be-the-future-of-australian-industrial-democracy-in-an- Sivaraman, G. (2016, May 13). 7-Eleven Workers and Their Rights in Australia. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from Australian Lawyers Alliance: https://www.lawyersalliance.com.au/opinion/7-eleven-workers-and-their-rights-in-australia Thomsen, S. (2016, May 12). The Inquiry for 7-Elevens Underpaid Workers Just Imploded, and Allan Fels has Gone Ballistic . Retrieved August 30, 2017, from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-compensation-panel-for-7-elevens-underpaid-workers-just-imploded-and-allan- Woodley, N. (2016, February 5). 7-Eleven Workers Physically Intimidated and Beaten, Senate Inquiry Hears . Retrieved August 31, 2017, from ABC News: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-05/7-eleven-workers-physically-intimidated-and-beaten/7144460?pfmredir=sm

Slaver Peparations Are Wrong Essays - Slavery, Racism,

Slaver Peparations Are Wrong Slavery Reparations Are Wrong Ladies and gentlemen; I don't believe that anyone in this chamber would move to disagree with the idea that slavery was an atrocity, committed from the depths of the darkest parts of the human sole. Africans were seized from their native land, and sold into lives of servitude into a foreign land. Indeed, it was a tragedy on such a scale that cannot be measured nor quantified. And it is this very notion of unquantifiable tragedy which speaks to the matter of reparations for slavery. To be quite blunt, reparations, even if they may be deserved, are not feasible under any system or economic tangent - indeed such an undertaking would only not remedy the situation, but it would sink Africa and her people deeper into the cycle of poverty and oppression that they have so struggled to free themselves. While the arguments against reparations may seem shallow or self-serving to advocates of such a system, upon examination, the logistics of what to give, and whom to distribute it to, preclude any potential benefits of such a system of indemnity and requite. The point of the follow critique is not to say that Africans were not mistreated, nor that they are not worthy of reparations, but that perhaps reparations are not an adequate solution to this situation, and indeed will only serve to worsen. Africa is a continent in dire straits. European colonization and colonialism damaged the native structure and society - some might say that this simply proves that European man caused, and ought to pay for, the damages done to Africa and her people. However, I would argue that simply placing a 'band-aid' blanket over Africa, would serve only to mask their problems, and relieve us of our guilt. It was this same attitude that the early European missionaries took with Africa - that they are not capable of dealing with their own problems and situations. Authors suggest that reparations should take the form of capital transfers and African status in the International Monetary Fund (Mazuri, 22). Does this sound like mending the deep running wounds and damage done to Africa, or like a transfer of monetary funds in order to fix Africa? Indeed, this idea of presenting money to Africa in order to apologize for what we have done is nothing more than a quick fix solution - it is not a long-term remedy for the underlying structural damage. The very center of Africa has been changed, for better or for worse. Surface solutions, while some may claim they are a good beginning or perhaps just a token of our apologetic state, will only further social damage and entrench abusive African regimes. A cognate situation with African Americans is with that of Afrocentric history (Asante, 174); many suggest that perhaps we ought to provide black student with their own curriculum, such as to instill in them a sense of pride that will improve their education. The U.S. News and World Report comments: The Afrocentric curriculum is usually presented as an attempt to develop pride in black children by giving them a racial history But what kind of pride and self-esteem is likely to grow from false history? And how much more cynical will black children be if they discover that they have been conned once again, only this time by Afrocentrists? It is a sure-fire formula for separatism and endless racial animosity (Leo, 26) This author suggests that indeed, conferring upon youths of African descent their own different history will not only further the racial segregation, but also provide them with a false sense of history, fueling the animosity. If the rest of the world were to suddenly step down and bestow upon Africa special privileges and grants, it would only create a sense among the global village that Africans are 'different' and require some sort of special assistance in order to succeed. This type of compensatory system would not only be insufficient to ever repay blacks for the injustice to them, but also further the rigid separatism that plagues African Americans today - what they need is equality, not special programs catered to what guilty-feeling Europeans feel they owe them. Aside